An introduction to working with children Essay Example for Free

An introduction to working with children Essay Nurseries provide care and education for children under the age of five in my area by offering free learning and play sessions which take place in the mornings and afternoons. Instead of a nursery just being a place where your child plays, a nursery provides education by qualified staff and professionals who encourage a child to learn as well a play while still providing care. Holiday play schemes is a place where children over the age of five go and can participate in various different types of activities which are both educational and play sessions, the activities range from reading books and watching educational programmes/videos/DVD’s to children playing on game consoles. ‘The room is divided into areas of various types of play experiences. These areas include, large and small construction sets, imaginative play dressing ups, home corner, mark making, Hama beads, dance mats, games machines, pool table, small world, football table. We also have two adjoining areas where children can access messy/art and craft activities and relax in the quiet area, reading books or watching various videos/DVDs.’ http://brightbeginningschildcare.co.uk/playscheme 11.11.11 A Child-minder is a person who looks after a parents children in their own home, child-minders usually look after children under the age of five, they provide care and education by helping the child with school work such as homework, participating in educational games or activities with them or generally playing games with them, baking or watching programmes with them. Nurseries aim to support children and their families by building a strong partnership with parents/careers because the setting and the child’s guardian want what is best, and for the child to achieve. If a nursery did not have a good relationship with parents/careers then there isn’t any trust or respect so if an issue is raised for example the child is underachieving and the nursery thought it is best for that child to receive additional support, a parent/career could take offence to it and then the situation could escalate. But if the nursery had a good positive relationship with parents and careers then a discussion could take place about the child receiving additional support, because it is important that you include the parent or career in discussions about their child otherwise they could feel that they are not valued or respected, and it is also their right to make decisions about their child, so if a nursery overlooked a parent or career regarding a situation wi th their child the parent or career could feel disrespected. ‘It recognises that parents and carers need to be fully involved in discussions about their childs additional support needs. Where necessary, they should be given support by their school or nursery to take part in meetings and be included fully in decisions that affect their child. Establishments and parents/carers may not always agree on what is in the best interest of the child, but by developing good relationships, and through good communication, it is expected that most problems and disagreements will be solved at school/nursery level.’ http://www.clacksweb.org.uk/learning/aslfamilies/ 18.11.11 Holiday play schemes offer children a wide range of different activities from rock climbing to extra-curricular lessons such as additional english, maths or science, but the way these extra-curricular lessons are integrated into the activities do not seem like they are lessons, but the children are subconsciously learning new things which would help them throughout school because they can relate back to these activities. This supports children because they are providing a safe and secure place where they can come and be happy, make new friends and learn new skills and play schemes provide for all children so every child is included, they are also supporting the child by teaching them new things or helping them with specific work by integrating it into an activity. Holiday play schemes support families by ensuring their child is in a safe, stimulating learning environment while they are unable to look after the child because they are at work etc. Play workers also can pick the child up from their school so the parent/career will not have to worry about transport for the child. ‘Holiday play schemes are run by play workers. Play workers are responsible for planning activities to help children learn, play and relax with their friends. Play workers will often pick up children from local schools.’ http://www.youngsouthampton.org/parentsandcarers/childcare-schoolaged/holiday -play-schemes.asp 12.12.11 Child-minders aim to support children and their families by providing a safe and stimulating for the child/children they are caring for, child-minders mainly care for a child in a domestic environment such as the child’s home. Child-minders become a valued member of a family because they pay such a big role in the child’s life. A child-minder usually takes the child on day trips to museums or animal parks such as zoo’s, they are usually educational day trips where the child can learn something. Arranging stimulating and therapeutic learning activities such as finger painting, cooking, reading, dress-up games or even celebrating cultural events which could include making Christmas or Eid cards or creating their own Easter egg. All these activities support children because they are learning new skills which they will need in life, they all acquire the child to use their fine and gross motor skills which will help them develop, and also their language and intellectual development. ‘They do this in a domestic setting (normally their own home) for payment†¦to ensure they provide a safe and stimulating environment for the children that they care for. Registered child-minders are usually self-employed and run their own business. Although every day will be different, a child-minder’s typical day may include: †¢visiting a park, museum, library or playgroup †¢arranging fun and stimulating learning activities, such as dressing-up, creative play, reading, and celebrating cultural events from around the world †¢providing meals and snacks for the children, involving them in food preparation and menu choices †¢taking children to and from school or clubs †¢working with other local child-minders to organise group activities.’ http://www.ncma.org.uk/childminders/become_a_childminder/what_childminders_do.aspx 12.12.11 The Human Rights Act 2000 This act ensures all children have a right to the protection of private and family life, this means in practice all children’s personal life is always kept private, this includes any information that is disclosed from parents or carers about a child, also anything that is revealed during placement. The right to education, this means that every single child has the right to have an education no matter of their race, gender, culture or background whether it is at a statutory or private sector. To discriminate against children because of their race, sex, culture, background etc is unlawful . ‘The enjoyment of the rights and freedoms set forth in this convention shall be secured without discrimination on any ground such as sex, race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, association with a national minority, property, birth or other status.’ http://www.elc.org.uk/pages/lawarticleshra.htm#14 16.12.11 These are some of the ri ghts that The Human Rights Act 2000 allows children to have, this legislation overall supports the rights of children because it ensures children have the right to equality, dignity and to be respected. The Special Educational Needs and Disability Act 2001 This act supports the rights of children because it states that it is unlawful for educational providers such as teachers to discriminate against pupils with a special educational disability or need. It influences working practices in the setting because if a teacher discriminated a child which was physically disabled and in a wheel chair by not making sure they had access to everything they needed, additional care, help or support then they could be prosecuted because it is against the law. The Equality Act 2010 This act supports the rights of children because it states the legal responsibilities of public sectors such as schools to provide equal opportunities for everyone. This act influences working practices in the setting by trying to ensure that everyone is treated equally no matter what ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, religion etc. A staff member could not treat a child differently to the other children because of their religion, for example; during a seasonal period such as Christmas and the children are creating Christmas cards and one of the children is Muslim and their parents have asked the staff for their child not to take part in activities like that, the staff could not just isolate the child and give them nothing to do, the staff should either set a different piece of work of that child to do which does not involve Christmas activities or send them to a different class where they are doing a different activity so that child does not feel left out or isolated.

Vladimir Tatlin and Naum Gabo Modern Art Essay -- compare, contrast, ar

This paper will explore Vladimir Tatlin and Naum Gabo differences on the role of the Avant-Garde artists and how their beliefs influence the kind of work they produced. A pioneer of Russian design Vladimir Tatlin is a representative of Russian Realism. He left home when he was fifteen and served on the shipboard. When he became a painter, he often represented sailors in his pictures Art and culture in Russia after Revolution was a tool for creating industrially aesthetical reality. Tatlin’s project The Monument to the Third International (1920) one that so much can be considered an architectural work as a sculptural piece, it constituted by a spiral of iron that is expanded diagonally and enclosed by walls of glass of a much higher height to that of the Eiffel tower. It was never embodied into life, but this project shows that socialist order propagation was of primary concern for artists of the beginning of 20th century in Russia (Avant-Garde, Tatlin). Thus, in accordance wit h Tatlin, avant-garde artist transfers ideas of social reality of his modernity. In his project Tatlin wanted to reflect technological progress of post-revolutionary Russia. He was called â€Å"artist of great culture, a true master, who is a devoted worker for the proletarian revolution† (Avant-Garde – Abstraction in Constructivism). Tatlin, V. Model of the Monument to the Third International Naum Gabo is another representative of Constructivism and in his Realist Manifesto (1920) Gabo claimed that it was relevant and in the spirit of an epoch to substitute static mass with a dynamic form. He said about himself: â€Å"making images to communicate my feelings of the world†(Gabo, 1962). Gabo considered an artist as a talented master, who is able to catch up mome... ...sthetics and defends the liberty of creation; he defends the subjective thing in the work of art, the conscious process of creation. In conclusion Vladimir Tatlin and Naum Gabo have differences on the role of the Avant-Garde artist. According to Tatlin, avant-garde artist transfer ideas of social reality of his modernity and Gabo claimed that it was relevant in the spirit of an epoch to substitute static mass with a dynamic form. Even though both Tatlin and Gabo’s work were influenced by conceptually different beliefs their works are both represented abstractedly. Works Cited Avant-Garde – Abstraction in Constructivism: Vladimir Tatlin's 'The Monument to the Third International'. Available from: Gabo, N. Of Divers Arts. New York: Faber and Faber, 1962.

India Against Corruption Essay

According to the Oxford Dictionary, corruption is dishonesty and illegal behavior by people in positions of authority or power. India was ranked 94th out of 176 countries in Transparency International’s, Corruption Perception Index, 2012 on 5th December, 2012. Most of us may have had, at some point or the other in our life, a firsthand experience of offering bribes, using our contacts or influencing people to get work done in government offices or to get jobs in the public sector. Therefore, corruption is not a new term for anyone. As far as handling or trying to stall corruption in India is concerned, one needs to get to the root cause of corruption, and then try to cut the roots in order to handle the whole entity. Another way of curbing corruption is to limit the role of the government in various fields. The causes of corruption in India include excessive regulations, improper tax structure, complicated licensing systems, lack of transparency in the laws, monopoly by some of the government institutions, discretionary powers in the hands of government departments. In order to handle corruption, one needs to aim at removing these causes. Social activists like Anna Hazare have been working against corruption, but not much success has been achieved. But are these entities really working in the interest of the people is an issue that needs to be pondered upon. It has also been pointed that many prominent figures have had illegal money in the Swiss Banks; such things have been widely covered on the social media, but nevertheless have gone unheeded. Anti corruption laws, Anti corruption police and courts, Anti corruption organizations; all exist in India. These have been formed to bring corruption to a manageable level so that one can give a thought to eliminating corruption. According to some economists, corruption adversely affects the growth rate. It has devastating consequences on the economy. Therefore efforts must be taken to stall it. If there is less of red tape, bribery is eliminated, reduction in interference of government in the private sector is ensured, there is ethical bureaucracy and a proper tax structure and licensing system is ensured and most importantly stringent action against corrupt officials is taken; Corruption can be managed to a certain level. A mass movement though can also be the remedy, just like the one that Mahatma Gandhi led during independence. Since charity begins at home, we must try to check ourselves before we point fingers at others and therefore not indulge in any corrupt malpractices.

Internal Rates Of Return Essay Example Pdf - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 853 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Did you like this example? Capital budgeting is the process of planning and evaluating investments in assets that have cash flows of periods greater than one year. These projects are classified as replacement decisions which are meant to maintain the profitability of a business and reduce costs. Capital budgeting is core to an organisation since the projects are always long-term. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Internal Rates Of Return Essay Example Pdf" essay for you Create order The Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) approaches are commonly used in capital budgeting (Palepu, Healy Victor 2004). Comparison of NPV to IRR The NPV method uses cash flows estimated from each potential project. The present values of the cash flows are summed, to obtain the Net Present Value. The NPV decision rule is to accept projects with a positive NPV and to reject those projects with negative NPV, in an unlimited condition. In case the projects are mutually exclusive, the financial analyst accepts the project that has the highest NPV (CIMA, 2009). Internal Rate of Return (IRR) IRR is defined as the discount rate that equates the initial cost of a project to the expected net cash flows. In general, IRR is the discount rate that equates the net present value of a project to zero. IRR is generally calculated using trial and error method; formally it is calculated using financial calculators such as the BA TI Business calculator (Chanda, 2008). IRR decision rule First the financial analyst determines the required rate of return; which may be higher or lower than the firms cost of capital since it factors in the investment projects adjustments to financial risk. If IRR is greater than the required rate of return, finance managers accept the project. If IRR is less than the required rate of return, analysts will usually reject such projects since they reduce shareholders value (CIMA, 2009). The IRR approach advantage is that it clearly shows the return on capital. However, its main disadvantage is that, at times it may give contrasting results when compared to the net present value approach, especially for projects that are mutually exclusive. Another demerit of the IRR approach is the so called multiple Internal Rate of Return problem. This particular problem occurs when the investment projects lifetime cash flows are non-normal i.e. they are negative. This indicates that the project is running at a loss or the firm needs to invest more capital (Chanda 2008). Reason for NPV and IRR Methods giving conflicting appraisals When a project is classified as an autonomous project, i.e. the decision to invest in the project is independent of other projects, both the approaches of IRR and NPV will always give similar results, whether it is accepting or rejecting a project. In is true that NPV and IRR are resourceful methods for evaluating mutually exclusive projects. However, in cases where the decision favors one project to another, these metrics will not always give similar results, the reason being the timing of cash flows from each particular project. In addition, conflicting appraisals can be attributed to project sizes. Consider two projects, X and Y. Project X has an initial outlay of $1,000, and project Y has an initial capital outlay of $ 10,000. Project X (the smaller project) may give a higher IRR but a relatively lower NPV, but project Y may increase shareholders wealth (has a higher NPV) in as much as it will have a lower IRR (Chanda 2008). The NPV approach premises on the assumption that a projects cash flows can be reinvested to give a return on capital at the discount rate used in the calculation of NPV. In reality this assumption is rational since it is based on the notion that cash flows do actually reduce a firms investment capital needs. These funds allow firms to reduce capital requirements thus allowing firms to reduce their cost of capital. When a firm manages to reduce its equity and debt, it can actually earn on the cost of cash flow that are used to reduce its capital needs. On the contrary, if projects are to be ranked using IRRs, the analysts will be assuming that cash flows from the project could be reinvested at the IRR. This is not practical. If it were possible for a firm to earn the required rate on invested capital, then this rate should be used to discount the projects cash flows (Chanda 2008). Conclusion The above arguments proof that NPV and IRR are impeccable approaches used for appraising projects. However, in practice it is indicated t hat there are several other methods used for project appraisal. These include; the Payback period (PB) approach, the Average Accounting Rate of Return (ARR) approach and the discounted payback (DPB) method among several others. In fact the methods used by finance managers for capital budgeting vary due to four factors; Location- most European firms prefer the payback method to NPV and IRR; size-the firm-the larger the company the more likely it apply NPV and IRR methods; Managerial education-the higher their education level the more likely that they will use IRR and NPV methods; and finally, Private versus Public-Public firms- public firms are more likely to use NPV and IRR approaches while private firms prefer the pay back method.